Principles and responsibilities

Version 1.3

Introduction

1. About this policy

1.1 This policy sets out the principles under which the .nz domain name space is run and the roles and responsibilities of the parties involved.

2. Background

2.1 InternetNZ has the ultimate responsibility as designated manager within New Zealand for the .nz domain name space, and maintains a shared registry system for the management of .nz domain name registrations. Through an Operating Agreement, InternetNZ has appointed DNCL to manage and administer the .nz domain name space on behalf of InternetNZ.

2.2 The shared registry system is a single register (“Register”) for registered domain names and associated data. InternetNZ operates the register.

2.3 Registration and management of .nz domain names, as well as management of information provided to the Registry (“Registry”), is effected by Registrars (“Registrars”). Registrars access and manage domain names on behalf of Registrants (“Registrants”) and it is the Registrants to whom individual domain names are licensed.

2.4 The .nz domain name space is governed by .nz policies, which are available on the DNCL website. All participants in the .nz domain name space (including Registrants and Registrars) are bound by the .nz policies, of which this is one.

2.5 Key principles and responsibilities in the .nz domain name space are set out in this policy.

2.6 The operations and procedures that apply to the running of the .nz domain name space and which must be followed by all participants in the .nz domain name space are set out in the .nz Operations and Procedures policy.

Principles

3. Market environment

3.1 The regulatory, registry and registrar functions of the .nz domain name space are handled by separate entities.

3.2 Responsibilities of the market participants are reflected in the Responsibilities section below, as well as in the various agreements between the market participants.

3.3 The .nz domain name space must be fair and competitive, offering real choice for Registrants. The barriers of entry must be as low as practicable for Registrars and the regulatory environment must be operated and enforced in a fair and transparent manner.

3.4 All parties engaged in the .nz domain name space must behave ethically and honestly and abide by all agreements and .nz policies.

3.5 All parties must operate in accordance with established New Zealand standards and practices. For example, Registrars may not collude in setting pricing structures, or misuse information from the Register.

3.6 Registrants’ dealings with respect to their domain names will be predominantly through their Registrar. Except as provided for by the .nz policies, neither DNCL nor the Registry will interfere with the commercial relationship between Registrant and Registrar. The Registry will only communicate with Registrants for the purposes of customer research and .nz marketing, always acting in accordance with .nz policies.

3.7 DNCL has the power to carry out checks and audits to ensure compliance with .nz policies.

3.8 DNCL may take steps or create initiatives so that Registrars do not unduly benefit from, or be prejudiced by, their size or by the nature of their operation including geographical location inside or outside New Zealand.

4. Registrations and Managing Registrations

4.1 Domain name registration is a licence granted to the Registrant. As long as the domain name registration is kept current, the Registrant can continue to use that domain name. Domain names are not "owned" by any party.

4.2 Any eligible Registrant may register a domain name on a first come, first served basis.

4.3 To register or update a domain name or to change Registrant details, a Registrant must use a Registrar, either directly or through a reseller. Registrars only register or update a domain name or change Registrant details at the request of a Registrant.

4.4 Details of domain names that can be registered in the .nz domain name space, how they are registered and their structure and management are detailed in the .nz Operation and Procedures policy.

4.5 No new Second Level Domains will be created in .nz except for those that meet certain criteria and are approved under the Conflicted Names process. Criteria for establishing a new second level domain arising from a conflicted name, along with the procedure, are detailed in the .nz Operations and Procedures policy

4.6 DNCL may lock a domain name in certain circumstances (such as when required to do so by a Court order or when a domain name has been cancelled as a sanction) including to preserve the integrity of the Register. A locked domain name cannot be amended in any way by the Registrar (including being transferred, cancelled or released). Sanctions are specified in the .nz Operations and Procedures policy.

5. Financial

5.1 Registration of .nz domain names is billed monthly with terms ranging from one month to 120 months.

5.2 A fixed wholesale fee will be charged by the Registry to Registrars monthly for registrations and renewals. This wholesale fee will be the same for all .nz domain names Fees will be charged for the registration and renewal terms set by the Registrar. The Registry may also charge Registrars for any optional .nz services that may be developed as agreed with DNCL.

5.3 The wholesale fee will be set by InternetNZ (in consultation with DNCL) and reviewed regularly and Registrars will be advised of any changes. It will be set at a level that ensures .nz remains a world class registry and to promote public good works in accordance with the Objects specified in its Constitution.

5.4 There will be a five day grace period for new registrations and renewals. Registrars will not be charged for transactions that are cancelled within that period.

5.5 Details of the way the .nz billing system operates are covered in the .nz Operations and Procedures policy.

6. Moderated Second Level Domain Names

6.1 The second level domains .cri.nz, .govt.nz, .health.nz, .iwi.nz, .mil.nz and .parliament.nz are moderated. The Moderator of a moderated second level domain determines who can register a domain name at the third level using that second level domain. For example, the Moderator appointed by the New Zealand Government determines who is able to use the second level domain .govt.nz when registering a third level domain.

6.2 Registrations in the moderated second level domains will be governed by their moderation policies. Moderators may only allow names consistent with the moderation policy to be registered.

6.3 Only the designated Registrar for a moderated domain is able to change the Registrant name of a moderated domain.

6.4 Registrations of domain names that DNCL determines to be in breach of the moderation policy will be cancelled (even if initially approved by the Moderator).

6.5 DNCL may, in DNCL’s sole discretion, remove a Moderator if the Moderator is in breach of the moderation policy, the .nz policies or the Moderator’s agreement with DNCL.

7. Register Data

7.1 Operation of the .nz domain name space requires the collection of information, including some personal information, from Registrants.

7.2 DNCL and the Registry will use the .nz data to ensure the efficient management and operation of the .nz zone and .nz domain name space, for reasons of public good and to enhance the availability of information relating to the Internet in New Zealand as agreed by DNCL.

7.3 All Registrars will:

7.3.1 disclose to their Registrants what information is required, why it is required, and how it will be collected and stored;

7.3.2 ensure that their Registrants authorise the collection of their personal information; and

7.3.3 collect the required information from the Registrant and provide it to the Register.

7.4 If a Registrant or potential Registrant refuses to provide the required information free of the imposition of any non-disclosure or confidentiality conditions, the domain name it has nominated may not be registered.

7.5 Any party who has access to the information, including Registrars, will comply with this policy and the provisions of the Privacy Act 1993 as if they were an agency under the Act.

7.6 The Registry will take reasonable steps to protect a Registrant’s personal information against loss or unauthorised access, use, disclosure, or other misuse. Registrars will also take such steps with respect to their access to the information.

7.7 The public will be able to access the Register with respect to a particular domain name by using the domain name registration data query (“Query”) service. This allows people to conduct searches in relation to a specified domain name. If the domain name is registered, information such as the identity and contact of Registrants details (subject to Section 8 of the Operations and Procedures Policy) will be returned in case they need to be contacted in respect of their domain name. Further details of the operation of the Query service are set out in the .nz Operations and Procedures policy.

7.8 The Query service is not to be used for commercial purposes or bulk harvesting. Additional terms and conditions relating to the use of the Query service apply.

7.9 Registrants can apply to DNCL for a Registrant Info Service search, which will produce a list of domain names matching the Registrant name search criteria. Further details of the operation of the Registrant Info Service are set out in the .nz Operations and Procedures policy.

7.10 Access to zone data will only be provided to third parties where it can be demonstrated that there is a public good in that information being released and that there will be no adverse effect on any Registrant’s privacy, whether directly or indirectly. The process for applying for zone file data is specified in the .nz Operations and Procedures policy.

Roles and Responsibilities in the .nz domain name space

8. Registrars

8.1 Registrars’ obligations and responsibilities are set out in the .nz Registrar Authorisation Agreement, the .nz Registrar Connection Agreement, and the .nz Registrant Agreement Core Terms and Conditions, each of which forms part of the .nz policies.

8.2 Registrars responsibilities include the following:

8.2.1 Maintain the integrity of the Register.

8.2.2 Behave ethically and honestly according to established standards and procedures.

8.2.3 Promote the confidence of Registrants by maintaining fair and open competition, including not colluding with other Registrars when setting pricing structures.

8.2.4 Only register a domain name at the request of a Registrant. That is, Registrars shall not register domain names on their own behalf unless they intend to use that domain name themselves. In this context, use of a domain name does not include leasing it to a third party.

8.2.5 Not undertake any action that prevents any legitimate domain name registration. A Registrar may elect not to have a particular Registrant as their customer.

8.2.6 Maintain relationships with their customers including addressing any issues relating to the management of the domain name in a timely manner.

8.2.7 Maintain secure interface and systems for Registrants, their information and their interaction with them so as to ensure that all information is protected from unauthorised access.

8.2.8 Inform DNCL of any security matters concerning Registrants and their information.

8.2.9 Inform the Registry of any security breach or issue that may undermine the Registrar / Register connection.

8.2.10 Ensure that any order of any Court or other Tribunal having jurisdiction regarding any domain name registered to a Registrant is complied with.

8.2.11 Be responsible for the actions of their resellers.

9. Registrants

9.1 The obligations and responsibilities of the Registrant to the Registrar are set out in the Registrant’s agreement with its Registrar. That agreement must be consistent with the .nz Registrant Agreement Core Terms and Conditions. The responsibilities set out below are the minimum standards of behaviour required to operate in the .nz domain name space:

9.1.1 Comply with all of the obligations as listed in the Registrar/Registrant Agreement.

9.1.2 Ensure all information given to the Registrar is accurate and complete.

9.1.3 Keep the Registrar informed of changes to information in the Register or required by the Registrar.

9.1.4 Ensure their use of a domain name will not infringe any intellectual property rights, and indemnify the Registrar against any claim resulting from a breach of this obligation.

9.1.5 Ensure the Registrar's services, and the domain name, are not used for an unlawful purpose.

9.1.6 Ensure that any order of any Court or other Tribunal having jurisdiction regarding any domain name registered to a Registrant is complied with.

9.1.7 Ensure everyone the Registrant is responsible for, or who uses a domain name registered by the Registrant, complies with the duties listed in this policy.

9.1.8 Raise any complaints with the Registrar within 60 days from the date the relevant service was supplied to them. If the Registrar and Registrant are unable to resolve the complaint it may be presented to the DNCL who will decide whether to investigate it.

9.1.9 Pay all registration fees as and when they become due.

10. Moderators

10.1 Moderators must maintain a policy for their moderated second level domain which is approved in writing by DNCL. These policies can be amended by the Moderator but all requests for amendments must be made to DNCL prior to implementation. All proposals for amendment will be publicly notified and comments sought prior to any changes being agreed by DNCL.

10.2 Moderators are responsible for ensuring all registrations in their second level domain comply with the moderation policy. Where a name is not compliant with the moderation policy the Moderator, or DNCL, may cancel the name after giving reasonable notice to the Registrant of the proposed cancellation.

10.3 Any disputes arising out of the moderation policy shall be referred to DNCL for resolution in consultation with the Moderator.

11. Registry

11.1 InternetNZ's obligations and responsibilities to Registrars are detailed in the .nz Connection Agreement. The responsibilities set out in that document are the minimum standard of behaviour required of the Registry. The .nz Connection Agreement forms part of the .nz policies.

11.2 The Registry will maintain details of current technical transactions, how they operate and what the obligations are on Registrars.

11.3 The Registry will only update the Register data on request of a Registrar or under a DNCL direction.

11.4 The Registry will advise DNCL and any affected Registrars in a timely manner of any security issues that may impact the integrity of the Register.

11.5 The Registry may validate any information sent to the Registry to ensure the security, stability and resilience of the .nz domain name space. Details of the validation checks undertaken will be documented and be made available to Registrars.

11.6 The Registry will maintain a Query service for the Register and is responsible for monitoring its use and taking appropriate steps to ensure the integrity of the data and that it is not being misused. In extreme circumstances where the integrity of the Register is at risk, the Registry may shut down the Query service without notice but will notify DNCL and Registrars of this and any subsequent actions.

11.7 The Registry is also bound by the requirements detailed in any Service Level Agreement that may be in place from time to time.

11.8 The Registry will only communicate with Registrants in accordance with .nz policies. This includes seeking Registrar approval before going directly to one of their customers.

12. DNCL

12.1 The obligations and responsibilities of DNCL are detailed in the .nz Registrar Authorisation Agreement. The responsibilities set out in that document are the minimum standard of behaviour that DNCL expects to meet in its day-to-day relationships with the Registry and the Registrars and form part of the .nz policies.

12.2 DNCL will endeavour to ensure an open, competitive and fair market.

12.3 DNCL will:

12.3.1 operate in a transparent, ethical manner, honouring principles of good faith and fairness;

12.3.2 administer and enforce the .nz policies;

12.3.3 authorise and, where appropriate, deauthorise registrars;

12.3.4 offer a training seminar to Registrars when they gain authorisation, and offer other training courses as required should any significant changes to the .nz domain name space be made; and

12.3.5 recognise, promote, and protect the rights of Registrants.

12.4 DNCL will not:

12.4.1 become involved directly in any dispute between other participants in the .nz domain name space except as provided for in the .nz policies.

12.4.2 as far as practicable, instruct the Registry to make changes to the Register without notifying the Registrar of the nature of the changes and the reason for them;

12.4.3 recommend any Registrar to Registrants; or

12.4.4 become involved in disputes relating to money owing between Registrars and Registrants except to the extent set out elsewhere in the .nz policies.

12.5 Where DNCL are engaging with Registrants directly, the Registrar will be advised.

13. InternetNZ

13.1 InternetNZ holds the delegation for the .nz country code top level domain and operates the Register. InternetNZ has delegated the operation of the regulatory functions to DNCL.

13.2 InternetNZ will comply with the .nz Policy Development Process when developing or changing .nz policies.

13.3 InternetNZ will also be responsible for setting the level of the wholesale fee in consultation with DNCL and the Registry.

Sanctions

14. Potential sanctions for breaches of the .nz policies

14.1 Sanctions can be imposed by DNCL to such conditions as DNCL considers fit.

14.2 Sanctions may be temporary or permanent and are at the sole discretion of DNCL.

14.3 DNCL must reasonably consider that any sanction is proportionate to the breach, having regard to all the surrounding circumstances of the breach at the time when it occurred, its consequences and the purposes of the .nz policies. In determining whether to impose a sanction, and what any sanction will be, the DNCL will adhere to the principles of natural justice.

14.4 Sanctions against any party to the Registry may include, but are not limited to:

14.4.1 correction of any details in the Register; and

14.4.2 transfer or cancellation of domain names.

14.5 Sanctions against Registrars may include, but are not limited to:

14.5.1 suspension of some or all of the Registrar’s functions, entitlements or rights;

14.5.2 directions to undertake or to reverse transaction(s);

14.5.3 directions to take or not to take certain actions in connection with domain names, information or money connected with domain names;

14.5.4 directions to publish statements on the Registrar’s website;

14.5.5 directions to pay money to any party that DNCL has determined has suffered loss as a result of a breach;

14.5.6 sanctions resulting from a breach of the .nz policies by resellers or others working through the Registrar’s systems; and

14.5.7 Registrar de-authorisation.

14.6 Sanctions against Registrants may include, but are not limited to, domain name registration cancellation where:

14.6.1 Register data is found to be incorrect. Generally attempts to have the Register data corrected will be made first.

14.6.2 The Registrant has obtained the domain name by fraud or deception. In this situation DNCL may cancel the domain name without warning. DNCL will not make any attempt to recover monies owed to the Registrar or any third party.